Element 22 · Titanium (Ti)
Titanium Bohr model: diagram and electrons per shell
The titanium Bohr model shows a titanium atom (Ti) as a small nucleus with its electrons circling it in 4 shells: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 10 in shell M and 2 in shell N. This page has a rotating 3D titanium Bohr model, a flat diagram, a table of the electrons in each shell and the steps to draw it yourself.
Rotate the titanium Bohr model in 3D
Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom.
This is a Bohr model of titanium (Ti), a simplified picture of a single titanium atom. Its nucleus holds 22 protons, and a neutral titanium atom has 22 electrons, arranged around it in 4 shells (2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 10 in shell M and 2 in shell N).
Titanium Bohr model diagram
Titanium electrons per shell
A neutral titanium atom has 22 electrons, one for each of its 22 protons. They fill the shells from the nucleus outwards: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 10 in shell M and 2 in shell N.
| Shell | Shell number (n) | Electrons | Most it can hold (2n²) | Subshells |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1s2 |
| L | 2 | 8 | 8 | 2s2 2p6 |
| M | 3 | 10 | 18 | 3s2 3p6 3d2 |
| N | 4 | 2 | 32 | 4s2 |
How the titanium Bohr model builds up, shell by shell
Watch the titanium Bohr model come together: the nucleus first, then each shell in turn, from the innermost outwards, with its electrons joining the ring. The legend names every shell and counts its electrons, so you can read off the arrangement (2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 10 in shell M and 2 in shell N) as it forms.
How to draw the titanium Bohr model
- Find the atomic number. Titanium has atomic number 22, so a neutral atom has 22 protons and 22 electrons.
- Draw the nucleus. Put a circle in the centre and write Ti in it. The 22 protons sit there with the neutrons.
- Draw the shells. Sketch 4 shells as rings around the nucleus. A shell holds at most 2n² electrons: 2 in the first, 8 in the second, 18 in the third and 32 in the fourth.
- Place the electrons. Fill from the inside out: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 10 in shell M and 2 in shell N.
- Check the total. 2 + 8 + 10 + 2 = 22, the atomic number, so every electron is accounted for.
Atomic data for the titanium Bohr model
The numbers behind the titanium Bohr model, grouped by topic. Radii are in picometres (pm) and energies in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).
Identity
- Symbol
- Ti
- Atomic number
- 22
- Atomic mass
- 47.8671 u
- Family
- Transition Metals
- Position
- group 4, period 4
- Block
- d-block
Electron configuration
- Full
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2
- Shorthand
- [Ar] 3d2 4s2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 10, 2
- Outer-shell electrons
- 2 in shell N
Ionisation energies
- I₁
- 658.8
- I₂
- 1309.8
- I₃
- 2652.5
- I₄
- 4174.6
- I₅
- 9581
- I₆
- 11533
- I₇
- 13590
- I₈
- 16440
Energy to remove each electron in turn (kJ/mol). A sharp jump means the next electron comes from an inner shell.
Atomic radii
- Calculated (pm)
- 176
- Empirical (pm)
- 140
- Covalent (pm)
- 136
Electronegativity and electron affinity
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.54
- Electron affinity (kJ/mol)
- 7.289
Oxidation states
+4
Charges the element commonly takes in compounds.
Physical properties, abundance and history of titanium
Bulk properties of titanium, how common it is, who discovered it and some of its compounds.
Physical properties
- Phase at room conditions
- Solid
- Appearance
- Silvery grey-white metallic
- Melting point
- 1667.85°C (1941 K)
- Boiling point
- 3286.85°C (3560 K)
- Density
- 4.506 g/cm³
- Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)
- 21.9
- Specific heat (J/g·K)
- 0.523
- Molar heat capacity (J/mol·K)
- 25.06
- Heat of fusion (kJ/mol)
- 18.8
- Heat of vaporisation (kJ/mol)
- 422.6
Abundance
- Earth's crust (mg/kg)
- 5650
- Oceans (mg/L)
- 0.001
Discovery
- Discovered by
- William Gregor
- Year
- 1791
- Named by
- Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Common compounds
- Titanium dioxide O2Ti
- Titanium Ti
- Titanocene dichloride C10H10Cl2Ti
- Titanium Tetrachloride Cl4Ti
- Barium titanate BaO3Ti
- Titanium tetrabutoxide C16H36O4Ti
- Lead zirconate titanate O5PbTiZr
- Tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl) titanate C32H68O4Ti
Compounds listed in the PubChem database.
Main isotopes of titanium
Isotopes of titanium share the same 22 protons but differ in neutrons. Natural isotopes come first, then the longest-lived others.
| Mass number | Natural abundance | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| 44 | – | 59.1 y | EC |
| 46 | 8.25 % | stable | – |
| 47 | 7.44 % | stable | – |
| 48 | 73.72 % | stable | – |
| 49 | 5.41 % | stable | – |
| 50 | 5.18 % | stable | – |
α = alpha decay, β⁻ = beta-minus, β⁺ = beta-plus, EC = electron capture, SF = spontaneous fission, p / n = proton / neutron emission.
More about titanium
- Titanium on the periodic table – properties, isotopes, uses and the full titanium page.
- Transition Metals – all transition metal elements and their trends.
- Bohr model of every element – the Bohr model of all 118 elements.