Element 25 · Manganese (Mn)
Manganese Bohr model: diagram and electrons per shell
The manganese Bohr model shows a manganese atom (Mn) as a small nucleus with its electrons circling it in 4 shells: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 13 in shell M and 2 in shell N. This page has a rotating 3D manganese Bohr model, a flat diagram, a table of the electrons in each shell and the steps to draw it yourself.
Rotate the manganese Bohr model in 3D
Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom.
This is a Bohr model of manganese (Mn), a simplified picture of a single manganese atom. Its nucleus holds 25 protons, and a neutral manganese atom has 25 electrons, arranged around it in 4 shells (2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 13 in shell M and 2 in shell N).
Manganese Bohr model diagram
Manganese electrons per shell
A neutral manganese atom has 25 electrons, one for each of its 25 protons. They fill the shells from the nucleus outwards: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 13 in shell M and 2 in shell N.
| Shell | Shell number (n) | Electrons | Most it can hold (2n²) | Subshells |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1s2 |
| L | 2 | 8 | 8 | 2s2 2p6 |
| M | 3 | 13 | 18 | 3s2 3p6 3d5 |
| N | 4 | 2 | 32 | 4s2 |
How the manganese Bohr model builds up, shell by shell
Watch the manganese Bohr model come together: the nucleus first, then each shell in turn, from the innermost outwards, with its electrons joining the ring. The legend names every shell and counts its electrons, so you can read off the arrangement (2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 13 in shell M and 2 in shell N) as it forms.
How to draw the manganese Bohr model
- Find the atomic number. Manganese has atomic number 25, so a neutral atom has 25 protons and 25 electrons.
- Draw the nucleus. Put a circle in the centre and write Mn in it. The 25 protons sit there with the neutrons.
- Draw the shells. Sketch 4 shells as rings around the nucleus. A shell holds at most 2n² electrons: 2 in the first, 8 in the second, 18 in the third and 32 in the fourth.
- Place the electrons. Fill from the inside out: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 13 in shell M and 2 in shell N.
- Check the total. 2 + 8 + 13 + 2 = 25, the atomic number, so every electron is accounted for.
Atomic data for the manganese Bohr model
The numbers behind the manganese Bohr model, grouped by topic. Radii are in picometres (pm) and energies in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).
Identity
- Symbol
- Mn
- Atomic number
- 25
- Atomic mass
- 54.938 u
- Family
- Transition Metals
- Position
- group 7, period 4
- Block
- d-block
Electron configuration
- Full
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
- Shorthand
- [Ar] 3d5 4s2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 13, 2
- Outer-shell electrons
- 2 in shell N
Ionisation energies
- I₁
- 717.3
- I₂
- 1509
- I₃
- 3248
- I₄
- 4940
- I₅
- 6990
- I₆
- 9220
- I₇
- 11500
- I₈
- 18770
Energy to remove each electron in turn (kJ/mol). A sharp jump means the next electron comes from an inner shell.
Atomic radii
- Calculated (pm)
- 161
- Empirical (pm)
- 140
- Covalent (pm)
- 119
Electronegativity and electron affinity
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.55
- Electron affinity (kJ/mol)
- -50
Oxidation states
+2 +4 +7
Charges the element commonly takes in compounds.
Physical properties, abundance and history of manganese
Bulk properties of manganese, how common it is, who discovered it and some of its compounds.
Physical properties
- Phase at room conditions
- Solid
- Appearance
- Silvery metallic
- Melting point
- 1245.85°C (1519 K)
- Boiling point
- 2060.85°C (2334 K)
- Density
- 7.21 g/cm³
- Specific heat (J/g·K)
- 0.479
- Molar heat capacity (J/mol·K)
- 26.32
- Heat of fusion (kJ/mol)
- 13.4
- Heat of vaporisation (kJ/mol)
- 221
Abundance
- Earth's crust (mg/kg)
- 950
- Oceans (mg/L)
- 0
Discovery
- Discovered by
- Torbern Olof Bergman
- Year
- 1774
Common compounds
- Maneb C4H6MnN2S4
- Potassium Permanganate KMnO4
- Manganous Acetate C4H6MnO4
- Manganese Mn
- Mancozeb C8H12MnN4S8Zn
- Manganese Sulfate MnO4S
- Manganese carbonate CMnO3
- Manganese gluconate C12H22MnO14
Compounds listed in the PubChem database.
Main isotopes of manganese
Isotopes of manganese share the same 25 protons but differ in neutrons. Natural isotopes come first, then the longest-lived others.
| Mass number | Natural abundance | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| 51 | – | 45.81 min | β⁺ |
| 52 | – | 5.591 d | β⁺ |
| 53 | – | 3.7 My | EC |
| 54 | – | 312.081 d | EC, β⁻, e⁺ |
| 55 | 100 % | stable | – |
| 56 | – | 2.579 h | β⁻ |
α = alpha decay, β⁻ = beta-minus, β⁺ = beta-plus, EC = electron capture, SF = spontaneous fission, p / n = proton / neutron emission.
More about manganese
- Manganese on the periodic table – properties, isotopes, uses and the full manganese page.
- Transition Metals – all transition metal elements and their trends.
- Bohr model of every element – the Bohr model of all 118 elements.