Element 99 · Einsteinium (Es)

Einsteinium Bohr model: diagram and electrons per shell

The einsteinium Bohr model shows a einsteinium atom (Es) as a small nucleus with its electrons circling it in 7 shells: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q. This page has a rotating 3D einsteinium Bohr model, a flat diagram, a table of the electrons in each shell and the steps to draw it yourself.

Rotate the einsteinium Bohr model in 3D

Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom.

This is a Bohr model of einsteinium (Es), a simplified picture of a single einsteinium atom. Its nucleus holds 99 protons, and a neutral einsteinium atom has 99 electrons, arranged around it in 7 shells (2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q).

Es K · 21s² L · 82s² 2p⁶ M · 183s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ N · 324s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ O · 295s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹¹ P · 86s² 6p⁶ Q · 27s²

Einsteinium Bohr model diagram

Bohr model diagram of einsteinium: a nucleus of 99 protons with 99 electrons on 7 shells, 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q, each ring labelled with its shell letter. — The einsteinium Bohr model drawn flat: each ring is a shell, labelled with its letter, and every dot is an electron (2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q).

Einsteinium electrons per shell

A neutral einsteinium atom has 99 electrons, one for each of its 99 protons. They fill the shells from the nucleus outwards: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q.

Electrons in each shell of the einsteinium Bohr model
Shell	Shell number (n)	Electrons	Most it can hold (2n²)	Subshells
K	1	2	2	1s²
L	2	8	8	2s² 2p⁶
M	3	18	18	3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰
N	4	32	32	4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴
O	5	29	50	5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹¹
P	6	8	72	6s² 6p⁶
Q	7	2	98	7s²

How the einsteinium Bohr model builds up, shell by shell

Watch the einsteinium Bohr model come together: the nucleus first, then each shell in turn, from the innermost outwards, with its electrons joining the ring. The legend names every shell and counts its electrons, so you can read off the arrangement (2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q) as it forms.

Animation of the einsteinium Bohr model being built: a nucleus of 99 protons appears first, then each shell grows in around it and takes its electrons, giving 99 electrons on 7 shells (2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q). — The einsteinium Bohr model built up in six seconds: the nucleus first, then each shell with its electrons, ending with 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q. Protons are red, neutrons yellow and electrons blue.

How to draw the einsteinium Bohr model

Find the atomic number. Einsteinium has atomic number 99, so a neutral atom has 99 protons and 99 electrons.
Draw the nucleus. Put a circle in the centre and write Es in it. The 99 protons sit there with the neutrons.
Draw the shells. Sketch 7 shells as rings around the nucleus. A shell holds at most 2n² electrons: 2 in the first, 8 in the second, 18 in the third and 32 in the fourth.
Place the electrons. Fill from the inside out: 2 in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, 32 in shell N, 29 in shell O, 8 in shell P and 2 in shell Q.
Check the total. 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 + 29 + 8 + 2 = 99, the atomic number, so every electron is accounted for.

Atomic data for the einsteinium Bohr model

The numbers behind the einsteinium Bohr model, grouped by topic. Radii are in picometres (pm) and energies in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

Identity

Symbol: Es
Atomic number: 99
Atomic mass: [252] u
Family: Actinides
Position: period 7 of the f-block
Block: f-block

Electron configuration

Full: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹¹
Shorthand: [Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s²
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2
Outer-shell electrons: 2 in shell Q

Ionisation energies

I₁: 619

Energy to remove each electron in turn (kJ/mol). A sharp jump means the next electron comes from an inner shell.

Electronegativity and electron affinity

Electronegativity (Pauling): 1.3
Electron affinity (kJ/mol): -28.6

Oxidation states

Charges the element commonly takes in compounds.

Physical properties, abundance and history of einsteinium

Bulk properties of einsteinium, how common it is, who discovered it and some of its compounds.

Physical properties

Phase at room conditions: Solid
Appearance: Silver-colored
Melting point: 859.85°C (1133 K)
Boiling point: 995.85°C (1269 K)
Density: 8.84 g/cm³

Discovery

Discovered by: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Year: 1952

Common compounds

Einsteinium Es
(~253~Es)Einsteinium Es
Einsteinium-254 Es
Einsteinium-250 Es
Einsteinium-251 Es
Einsteinium(III) chloride Cl3Es-3
[6-[3-[[[4-(1,1-Difluoroethoxy)phenyl]-dimethylidene-lambda6-sulfanyl]amino]propylamino]-2-ethylidene-4-(2-methylphenyl)pyrimidin-1-yl]-methylidyneazanium;einsteinium C27H31EsF2N5OS
4-[5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-4-id-1-yl]piperazine-1-carboxamide;einsteinium C20H22EsF3N4O3-

Compounds listed in the PubChem database.

Main isotopes of einsteinium

Isotopes of einsteinium share the same 99 protons but differ in neutrons. Natural isotopes come first, then the longest-lived others.

Main isotopes of einsteinium: mass number, abundance, half-life and decay
Mass number	Natural abundance	Half-life	Decay
251	–	33 h	EC, α
252	–	471.7 d	α, EC
253	–	20.47 d	α, SF
254	–	275.7 d	α, EC, β⁻, SF
255	–	39.8 d	β⁻, α, SF
257	–	7.7 d	β⁻, α

α = alpha decay, β⁻ = beta-minus, β⁺ = beta-plus, EC = electron capture, SF = spontaneous fission, p / n = proton / neutron emission.

More about einsteinium

Einsteinium on the periodic table – properties, isotopes, uses and the full einsteinium page.
Actinides – all actinide elements and their trends.
Bohr model of every element – the Bohr model of all 118 elements.